1、 Price trend
At the beginning of 2020, the price of steam coal maintained stable operation, and then the price was in a weak downward state from the beginning of February to the end of April. From the middle of May, the price began to rebound to the first ten days of July, and the price fluctuated. From the middle of July to the end of August, the price fell again, and from the beginning of September, the price of steam coal began to soar. According to the data of business news agency, the average market price of steam coal in early 2020 was 560.25 yuan / ton, and as of December 28, the average market price of steam coal was about 783.75 yuan / ton, with an overall price increase of 39.89%. Careful observation is not difficult to find that the overall trend presents a slightly oblique “W” trend.
According to another monitoring data of the business community, as of November 2020, the price is in an upward trend in seven months and a downward trend in four months, with more room for rise than for fall.
2、 Factor analysis
First quarter: in January, the price of steam coal was around 562 yuan / ton, and the price was mainly stable. Due to the small number of coal pallets and the Spring Festival effect, the market negotiation atmosphere is flat and the market continues to be weak. Due to the Spring Festival, the downstream demand is mainly to digest inventory. According to the business news agency, as of January 19, 2020, the six major coastal power plants have an inventory of 14.8965 million tons, a daily consumption of 62.65 million tons, and 23.78 days of usable days. It is more difficult for coal mine workers to return to work in February than before. The shortage of coal supply in producing areas led to a small rise in the price of steam coal. In March, with the resumption of coal enterprises and the gradual lifting of road transport restrictions, the overall supply tension has been significantly eased. As of March 4, Shanxi coal province announced that 569 coal mines will resume production, with a production capacity of 927 million tons per year, with a recovery rate of 92.97%. There are more than 60 coal mines in Yulin area of Shaanxi Province. There are 166 coal mines in Ordos area, with a total capacity of 558 million tons. After one month’s resumption of production, the shortage of coal supply has been significantly alleviated. The resumption of production and supply of coal mines in Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia continue to improve, but the downstream terminal coal consumption is mainly rigid demand, and the resumption of work of downstream enterprises is slower than the release of upstream production capacity. At present, most of the coal mines are generally sold, and the price of coal from the origin is falling.
In the second quarter, in early April, according to the monitoring of the business community, the price of steam coal was around 487.25 yuan / ton, and the price of steam coal continued to decline recently. In terms of origin, the demand is general. In order to prevent the overstock of coal mine inventory, some coal mines set production by sales. The output decreased slightly, and the coal price decreased by 10-20 yuan. There are few coal pallets, so the atmosphere of market negotiation is flat, and the market continues to be weak. Steam coal prices were strong in mid and early May. Overall, under the background of production reduction in the production area, overhaul of Daqin line, sharp decline in port inventory, and increasingly stringent import restrictions, daily coal consumption of coastal power plants soared. As of May 22, Qinhuangdao Port inventory was 3.89 million tons, down 475000 tons on a week-on-week basis; as of May 22, in addition, import restrictions became more stringent. From January to April, the coal import volume is close to 130 million tons. If calculated according to the rumored import quota of 250 million tons in the market at the beginning of the year, the remaining import quota is less than 50%, the import quota of some ports has been exhausted, and the import restrictions are becoming stricter. The price of steam coal ushered in a turning point since June 9. On June 17, the average port price of steam coal remained at 570 yuan / ton, up 2.75% from 554.75 yuan / ton on June 1. After a round of decline in March and April due to the “public health incident”, the price of steam coal rose in May. After May Day, the highway charges were resumed, the downstream users of coal purchased more on demand, and the delivery in the pit market was poor, so the price was under pressure. The market demand of downstream power plants rebounded slightly, driving the price of steam coal up slightly.
In the third quarter, the price of steam coal fell in July, the precipitation in southern China increased sharply, and the hydropower generation was seriously affected. The purchase of coal from downstream power plants fell slightly, and the demand dropped slightly. At the same time, under rainy weather, the temperature was low, the residents’ demand for electricity could not be fully released, and the daily consumption increased in general. In August, the price of steam coal was temporarily stable. Now, the supply of production area is relatively tight, and the daily consumption of downstream power plants is increasing due to weather. However, the demand of power plants for steam coal is mainly based on the demand of Changxie coal price inventory. Datong Qinhuangdao line resumed traffic, the shipment volume decreased compared with the previous tourism, the inventory of Beigang remained at medium high level, the seller’s willingness to support the price remained, the terminal demand was general, and the transaction situation was general. Most coal mining and chemical industry in Shaanxi had a slight rise in price, while the price of coal mining and chemical industry was stable in September. Compared with Shaanxi, the number of coal price adjustment is relatively small. The price of a small number of coal mines has increased by about 5-10 yuan, while the price of other coal mines is temporarily stable. With the approaching of the holiday, the inspection of the main coal producing areas has been upgraded, coupled with the restriction of coal management ticket, the coal supply tends to be tight.
In the fourth quarter, the overall price of steam coal went up. The supply and demand of the main producing areas are still tight, and the coal pit operation rate has reached a relatively high point under the support of supply policy. Affected by recent safety accidents, environmental protection and other multiple factors, the safety production signal was enhanced at the end of the year, and the amount of coal mining was affected to a certain extent. Shandong, Shanxi, Hebei, Henan and other places have issued environmental protection production limit notices, resulting in a sharp drop in supply. At present, the mainstream open storage price of 5500 kcal steam coal in the port is about 690-710 yuan / ton. The temperature in coastal areas dropped, and the demand for heating for civilian use rose seasonally. With the decrease of temperature and the rise of daily consumption, the demand of downstream terminal transportation is also strong. The coastal power plant purchase terminal demand has been released. The inventory of Beigang is low and the shortage of goods still exists. In view of the soaring spot price and the enhancement of macro-control expectation, the coastal power plants are mainly on the lookout, and the procurement is relatively rational. In addition, the rapid economic recovery has increased the coal demand of coal consuming enterprises. In the past two months, the purchasing of building materials, chemical industry, cement and other industries has continued, driving the demand for coal to increase greatly.
In addition, from the comparison above, it can be seen that the price of steam coal has risen to the highest level in three years from 2018 to 2020.
Business analysts believe that: at this stage, the main coal producing areas are still relatively tight. Towards the end of the year, the environmental protection policy is more stringent. Some coal dealers reflect that there will still be the phenomenon of cars and other coal. Second, in terms of downstream power plants, this winter, affected by the extremely cold weather of “La Nina”, the temperature in North and Northeast China dropped rapidly, driving the increase of coal demand. Moreover, the inflow and outflow of the Three Gorges Reservoir remain at a low level, the hydropower output weakens, and the thermal power generation continues to rise. Third, the amount of imported coal decreased. In November this year, China imported 11.671 million tons of coal, a decrease of 9.11 million tons or 43.84% compared with 20.781 million tons in the same period last year. Due to the stop of loading and unloading of Australian coal, the quota of imported coal for some users is close to zero, and due to “public incidents”, the management of ports has been strengthened. 4. Affected by the domestic economic recovery, the purchasing of building materials, chemical industry, cement and other industries has continued, driving the demand for coal to increase greatly. Fifth, under the influence of domestic policies, in order to support the domestic economy, the state has been more strict in the control of imported coal. On the whole, the price of steam coal still has a strong upward momentum in the short term. Specifically, the demand of downstream market.